8th+Grade+Science

= Important Information = Syllabus
 * email: mmcewen@ais-dhaka.net

SCIENCE IN OUR WORLD DAILY SCHEDULE
(click right arrow to scroll through the daily schedule) media type="custom" key="9459484"

= Astronomy UNIT: NOTES, ASSIGNMENTS, STUDY GUIDES, and other stuff =

The Life of Stars


http://www.pbs.org/seeinginthedark/astronomy-topics/lives-of-stars.html

TEST: Electricity Chapter Sections 1 - 4
Electricity Study Guide

Students should be able to:
 * 1) Describe the law of charges and predict and explain the behavior of two charged objects brought close together.
 * 2) Explain the relationship between electric force and electric field.
 * 3) Describe the different ways that objects can become charged.
 * 4) Describe how an electroscope works.
 * 5) Discuss the difference between conductors and insulators and give examples of each.
 * 6) Explain the relationship between static electricity and electric discharge and give an example.
 * 7) Explain why it is dangerous to be outside in an open area during a storm.
 * 8) Explain how lightening rods work.
 * 9) Describe electric current, including the difference between AC and DC.
 * 10) Describe voltage and its relationship to current.
 * 11) Describe resistance and its relationship to current.
 * 12) Describe the factors that lower/increase resistance.
 * 13) Describe the parts of a cell and explain how a cell generates electrical energy.
 * 14) Calculate voltage, current or resistance using Ohm's Law.
 * 15) Calculate electric power.
 * 16) Determine the electric energy used by a device.
 * 17) Name the three essential parts of a circuit.
 * 18) Compare series circuits with parallel circuits (be able to draw or explain).
 * 19) Explain what happens AND WHY to the voltage, current and load as you add light bulbs to both series and parallel circuits.
 * 20) Describe a short circuit.
 * 21) Explain how fuses and circuits breakers protect your home against short circuits and circuit overloads.

Go over sections reviews and websites.

Study the reading, section and chapter reviews (questions may be pulled directly from them) and be able to explain the objectives, vocabulary and concepts. The Chapter and section reviews are also a good indication of material on the test. LOOK below for a study guide to sections 1 & 2

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electric current, voltage, resistance, how current flows, AC and DC current, voltage, what are they measured in?, what resistance depends on?, how to generate electric current, wet and dry cells and their parts, thermocouples, photocells=====

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electric charge, charges, law of electric charges, electric force, electric field, friction, conduction, induction, conservation of charge, how to detect charges, how charges move, conductors, insulators, static electricity, electric discharge, what happens in lighting,=====

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ohm's law, calculate resistance, voltage, and current, understand the relationship of the three factors in Ohm's law, electric power, watt, calculate electric power, electric energy and calculating it, saving energy, Section 4:=====

Additional websites to visit
Blobz Guide to Circuits Cleo's Circuit Guide [|Circuits Builder] [|Circuits (we did this in class)] [|Circuit Games] [|TESTER]  =

= =EYE ACTIVITIES= The Eye An explanation of how the eye works, a summary of the parts of the eye, and a crossword puzzle about vision. Why do people where glasses? Explore this sight to learn why some people have to wear glasses. Explore sight activities Explore this site for over a dozen experiments and activities on vision. =

HOMEWORK 2/10/11= Block E: Just finish the lab work sheets and turn those in next class. In my great wisdom as incredibly awesome and handsome teacher I decided not to assign an additional conclusion. This TIME! ha ha ha (evil laugh). Check out the online lab below and make sure you try the different lenses and click OPTICS as well. [] Try this as well: [] Mirror game: [] Also you can try the game link as well: [|Play this game! CLICK HERE] ==

LAB: What is the hottest color? (hint: turn this in Tuesday for full credit)== Analysis: State what the data shows .. use quantitative data (numbers) but do not try to explain why. Create the graph as instruction in the lab. Conclusion: 1. restate purpose of lab (the question) 2. restate hypothesis 3. does analysis support the hypothesis / state evidence? 4. what errors did you encounter? 5. how would you improve the experiment (come on)? 6. what real world connection does this experiment have? ==

Chapter 5 Test - Sections 5.3 and 5.4== = = =Light & Color Study Guide=
 * 1) Describe how reflection allows you to see things.
 * 2) What is the law of reflection?
 * 3) Draw an explanation of the law of reflection. Label the incident beam, angle of incidence, normal, reflected beam and angle of reflection.
 * 4) What is the difference between regular reflection and diffuse reflection?
 * 5) why can you see your image in a mirror but not in a wall?
 * 6) What is the difference between luminous and illuminated objects?
 * 7) What is absorption?
 * 8) Explain how absorption affects a beam of light.
 * 9) Describe an example of scattered light.
 * 10) How does refraction cause optical illusions (e.g. objects appearing to be different than they actually are)?
 * 11) How does refraction cause white light to be separated into to different colors when it passes through a prism.
 * 12) How is the amount of diffraction of light determined?
 * 13) Describe the affects of constructive and destructive interference of light.
 * 14) Name and describe the three ways light interacts with matter.
 * 15) Describe the difference between transparent, translucent and opaque matter.
 * 16) Explain how the color of an object is determined.
 * 17) Explain why mixing of colors of light is called color addtion.
 * 18) What are the primary colors of light?
 * 19) What is a pigment?
 * 20) Describe why mixing of colors of pigment is called color subtraction.
 * 21) What are the primary colors of pigments.
 * 22) Why do we see a blue sky?
 * Is the color of a purple car determined the same way as the colors of a clear purple bottle? Explain.
 * What color of light will you produce if you mix green light with magenta light? Why?
 * How is that yellow color produced on a television screen?
 * Why are red, green, and blue called the primary colors of light?
 * What colors of light are reflected by an opaque black object?
 * What happens to the colors of light that are not transmitted through a transparent object?

Sections 5.1 and 5.2 Mid-chapter Test Wednesday 19
Section 5.1 Electromagnetic Waves: describe them, how are they created, speed of light, calculate distances and time using the speed of light. Section 5.2 Electromagnetic spectrum: Know the order, how wavelength and frequency change, energy, characteristics, uses, roles in our lives, difference between AM/FM/TV, Also notes from the project presentations will be included.

SOUND TEST STUDY GUIDE
What is a sound wave? Know what is necessary for sound to travel from a source to a listener? Identify the parts of the ear and their function. Describe how sound travels from the source to the brain. What is the main cause of hearing damage? How does this damage how the ear works? Be able to calculate the speed of sound and interpret information from these calculations. Explain how the speed of sound lab worked and what your results revealed. Compare the speed of sound in different media. Explain how frequency and pitch are related. Explain and diagram the Doppler effect. Explain how amplitude and loudness are related.Explain the difference between constructive interference and destructive interference as it pertains to sound. Know what an oscilloscope is and be able to interpret a diagram. (see your book) Explain how the surface of the medium affects the reflection of sound. (pg. 114) What are the properties (e.g. soft, hard, curved, flat) of a well-designed auditorium? Describe echolocation and give examples of modern applications. Explain how a sonic boom is created. Be specific. What causes a standing wave?Explain how musical instruments use resonance to make sound. What is sound quality? Describe how each family of musical instruments produces sound? Give examples of how musical instruments differ in the way they make sound. Describe the difference between music and noise.

SOUND PROJECT
• __Researcher__ (writing/analytical): Choose a specific modern application of sound energy (sonar, ultrasound, music...) to research and report on. This could be a paper or audio/visual presentation. Terms to include: wavelength, frequency, amplitude, interference.

• __Advertiser__ (logical/artistic): Discuss the many facets of sound energy and create a bulletin board describing sound and defining terms often used when talking about sound. Terms to include: wavelength, frequency, amplitude, interference, resonance, harmony. • __Writer/Artist:__ Write and illustrate a short story, puppet show, or video for young people aged 10-14 that illustrates ways in which hearing impairment can occur and how they can protect themselves from hearing loss.

• __Acoustical Engineer__ (analytical/mathematical): You have been hired to design the new theater at a local school. You task is to make sure that every seat in the house is a good seat. Your design must reduce interference as much as possible. Include a model or drawing with your proposal. • __Poet/Musician__: Write and perform a poem, song or rap that teaches about the properties of sound and sound interactions. Terms to include: wavelength, frequency, pitch, amplitude, interference, resonance • __Analyst__ (math): Find the speed of sound in 10 different substances. Also, find the density of these substances. Graph the relationship between speed of sound and density of the substance. Explain this relationship in terms of the nature of sound.

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4. The accepted speed of sound is 332 m/s at 0º C, and increases 0.6 m/s for each Celsius degree above zero. Use a thermometer to find the temperature of the room in º C. What is the accepted value for the speed of sound in your classroom? ======

Chapter 3 Test: Waves
Waves Study Guide: The material comes from Sections 1-3 of chapter 3. Use the directed readings, section reviews, practice problems, and notes to study.

What is a wave? What causes a wave? What is a vibration? How does a wave transfer energy without moving matter? What are the four main types of waves, and how do they differ? What happens to a sound wave if there is not medium for it to travel through? What is a surface wave? How do the particles of matter travel in a surface wave? Identify and describe the four properties of waves. What is the resting position of a wave? Draw a transverse wave and label how the amplitude and wavelength are measured. Identify a crest and a trough. Explain how frequency and wavelength are related to the speed of a wave. What unit is used to describe the frequency of a wave? What does this tell you about the wave? Describe how amplitude and energy are related. Describe how frequency and energy are related. What is the equation for wave speed? Be able to calculate wave speed, frequency, and amplitude. Explain the relationship between a medium and wave speed. What causes a pencil placed in a glass of water appear to be broken. EXPLAIN. Explain why you see a rainbow when sunlight passes through droplets of water. Describe the difference between refraction and diffraction. Explain the relationship between the amount of diffraction and the size of the barrier or opening the wave encounters. Explain why you can hear two people talking even after they walk around a corner. Compare destructive and constructive interference. What causes a standing wave? How does a marimba work? Sometimes when music is played loudly, you can feel your body shake. Explain what is happening in terms of resonance.

Quick Project: Characteristics of Waves
-show visually the information from section 2: frequency, amplitude, wavelength (label them) -discuss the relationship of frequency, speed, amplitude, and wavelength -Draw a wave or several waves to demonstrate what waves with different properties look like. - -Write and discuss the equation for speed -You can choose the format -can be created on a regular printer sized paper. (no need for poster sized quick projects) ==

== ==Scientific Methods Quiz - Study Guide This quiz will be structured much like the homework assignments we have been doing. You will be given 2-3 scenarios, each describing a scientific experiment. For each of these you will be asked to:==
 * 1) Identify the question or problem.
 * 2) Write a hypothesis using an if/then statement.
 * 3) Identify the independent variable.
 * 4) Identify the dependent variable.
 * 5) List the variables that should remain constant.
 * 6) Identify the control group if there is one.
 * 7) Form a conclusion.

The final portion of the quiz in an experimental design question. You will be given several questions to choose from. For the question you choose you will need to:
 * 1) Write a hypothesis using an if/then statement.
 * 2) Identify the independent variable.
 * 3) Identify the dependent variable.
 * 4) List the variables that should remain constant.
 * 5) Design an experiment that tests your hypothesis, includes a control group if possible, and addresses reliability.

Please refer to the Steps of the Scientific Method Reference Guide you were given in class to help you study for the quiz. You may also wish to review Hypothesis & Variables Notes and Designing an Experiment Notes. ==

Science Article Homework - please use the rubric and your best writing!
Science Article Websites - click these sites for some good articles @http://www.sciencenewsforkids.org/ @http://earthweek.com/ @http://www.sciencenews.org/view/interest/id/3/topic/Science_News_For_Kids @http://www.eurekalert.org/kidsnews/ @http://kidsblogs.nationalgeographic.com/kidsnews/ @http://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/ @http://www.popsci.com/ @http://www.sciencedaily.com/ @http://science.discovery.com/ @http://www.sciencenews.org/ ==

Lab Safety Homework== ===-look at this website picture about lab safetyand answer these questions.===

=Measurement TEST and PRACTICAL STUDY GUIDE=

The measurement test will consist of two parts to be completed on the same day.

 * Part 1 will be written. It will contain vocabulary, matching, conversions, and word problems involving calculations. You will be allowed to use a calculator.
 * Part 2 will be a lab practical requiring the measurement of length, area, mass, volume (both regular and irregular solids), and density (both regular and irregular solids). You will be allowed to use a calculator.

Here's what you need to know: What are the names and uses of the basic tools used by scientists. What is the system used by scientists to measure and record data? Why is this system important? Why is it better than the English system? What are the SI unit prefixes we have studied in order from largest to smallest? What are the base units used in SI? Be able to give the appropriate units to use to measure different objects based on their size. How do you convert to a larger SI unit? To a smaller SI unit? What is length? What is the base unit of length? What do we use to measure length? What is area? How do you calculate area? What is mass? What is the base unit of mass? What do you use to measure mass? What are the parts of a triple beam balance? How do you zero a balance? What is the proper way to carry a triple beam balance? How is each beam of a triple beam balance graduated (what value does each beam measure)? What is volume? What is the base unit of volume? What do you use to measure the volume of a liquid? How do you read a graduated cylinder? What is a meniscus? How do you measure/calculate the volume of a regular solid? How do you measure the volume of an irregular solid? What is density? What is the equation for density? What are the units of density? What is the relationship between mass and density? If you know density and volume, how can you find mass? If you know density and mass, how can you find volume?

Quizlet has some good premade electronic Flashcards to practice vocabulary. ==

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//Scientist Poster Project- Due Aug 23 (Next Monday)//
Given: Research organizer sheet and rubric sheet for the assessment FULL CREDIT BONUS: Contact a scientist by email and ask 2-3 questions (see websites below if need) //RESEARCH WEBSITES (General)// //http://www.kids.gov/6_8/6_8_science_careers.shtml'// //@http://www.careersmarts.com/science.htm// //@http://www.the-aps.org/education/k-12misc/careers.htm// //@http://sciencespot.net/Pages/kdzcareer.html// //EARTH SCIENCES// //@http://kids.earth.nasa.gov/archive/career/index.html// //@http://www.agiweb.org/workforce/brochure.html// //@http://www.kids.gov/6_8/6_8_science_environment.shtml// //LIFE SCIENCES// //@http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_physical/page_build.cfm?content=careers&state=none// //@http://www.kids.gov/6_8/6_8_science_plants.shtml// //PHYSICAL SCIENCE// //@http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_sci_physical/page_build.cfm?content=careers&state=none// //@http://www.kids.gov/6_8/6_8_science_physics.shtml// //ASK A SCIENTIST WEBSITES// //@http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/aas.htm// //[]// //@http://scorescience.humboldt.k12.ca.us/fast/ask.htm// //[]//
 * Remember to include various job descriptions of what a scientist in your field might do.
 * Use pictures, illustrations, and photos to help show the scientist at work or the tools they might use or show a famous or world renown scientist
 * keep your notes organized and cited for sources
 * Create a poster that is easy to read, neat, and well organized
 * Your poster should be like an advertisement for that job in science ... reach out and grab us with excitment
 * use your school email address
 * introduce yourself
 * tell them why you are contacting them
 * ask specific questions about their field of study or the work they do
 * thank them for taking the time to answer your questions

=Parent WIki/Syllabus Homework Form (Click here to fill out)=

Wiki and Syllabus Homework (click here for the form) -answer all the questions using the wiki and the syllabus (20 points!)

=ASTRONOMY UNIT= =ELECTRICITY UNIT= =CHEMISTRY UNIT=